The first published name of a taxon belonging to the genus Canis from North America is Canis lycaon. Taxonomy Taxidermy exhibit of an eastern wolf killed on Februin Washtenaw County, MI ( Canis species) differentiated from the hybrid Great Lakes wolves which it found were the result of "hybridization and backcrossing among Eastern Wolf ( Canis lycaon) (aka C. In 2016, the Committee on the Status of Species at Risk in Ontario recognized the Algonquin wolf as a Canis sp. Further human development immediately outside of the protected areas and the negative public perception of wolves are expected to inhibit any further expansion of their range. The main threat to this wolf is human hunting and trapping outside of the protected areas, which leads to genetic introgression with the eastern coyote due to a lack of mates. lycaon ( Canis species believed to be lycaon) and a threatened species worthy of conservation. In 2015, the Committee on the Status of Endangered Wildlife in Canada recognized the eastern wolf in central and eastern Ontario and southwestern Quebec as Canis cf. In Canada, the eastern wolf is listed as Canis lupus lycaon under the Species At Risk Act 2002, Schedule 1 - List of Wildlife at Risk. In the US, a bill is before Congress to remove protections under the Endangered Species Act of 1973 for the gray wolf populations located in the western Great Lakes region.
Commencing in 2016, two studies using whole genome sequencing indicate that North American gray wolves and wolf-like canids were the result of ancient and complex gray wolf and coyote mixing, with the Great Lakes wolf possessing 25% coyote ancestry and the Algonquin wolf possessing 40% coyote ancestry. This taxonomic classification has since been debated, with proposals based on DNA analyses that includes a gray wolf ecotype, a gray wolf with genetic introgression from the coyote, a gray wolf/coyote hybrid, a gray wolf/red wolf hybrid, the same species as the red wolf, or a separate species ( Canis lycaon) closely related to the red wolf. Christopher Wozencraft listed the eastern wolf as a gray wolf subspecies, which supports its earlier classification based on morphology in three studies. In the third edition of Mammal Species of the World published in 2005, the mammalogist W. It primarily preys on white-tailed deer, but may occasionally hunt moose and beavers. The nape, shoulder and tail region are a mix of black and gray, with the flanks and chest being rufous or creamy. The fur is typically of a grizzled grayish-brown color mixed with cinnamon. The eastern wolf's morphology is midway between that of the gray wolf and the coyote.
There are two forms, the larger being referred to as the Great Lakes wolf, which is generally found in Minnesota, Wisconsin, the Upper Peninsula of Michigan, southeastern Manitoba and northern Ontario, and the smaller being the Algonquin wolf, which inhabits eastern Canada, specifically central and eastern Ontario and southwestern Quebec, with some overlapping and mixing of the two types in the southern portions of northeastern and northwestern Ontario. Regardless of its status, it is regarded as unique and therefore worthy of conservation with Canada citing the population in eastern Canada (also known as the "Algonquin wolf") as being the eastern wolf population subject to protection. Many studies have found the eastern wolf to be the product of ancient and recent genetic admixture between the gray wolf and the coyote, while other studies have found some or all populations of the eastern wolf, as well as coyotes, originally separated from a common ancestor with the wolf over 1 million years ago and that these populations of the eastern wolf may be the same species as or a closely related species to the red wolf ( Canis lupus rufus or Canis rufus) of the Southeastern United States. It is considered to be either a unique subspecies of gray wolf or red wolf or a separate species from both. The eastern wolf ( Canis lycaon or Canis lupus lycaon or Canis rufus lycaon) also known as the timber wolf, Algonquin wolf or eastern timber wolf, is a canine of debated taxonomy native to the Great Lakes region and southeastern Canada.
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